Consolidation is the process of stabilizing degraded or weakened areas of paint by restoring cohesion to materials that can no longer hold together. It typically involves the application of an adhesive, often carried in a solvent that evaporates, leaving a binding film behind. A wide range of natural and synthetic adhesives are used in conservation, with the choice of materials and methods depending on factors such as the artwork’s condition, intended use, and display environment. Effective consolidation treatments must also consider subsequent conservation steps, including cleaning, tear mending, and final surface finishes